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| rinjani and segara anak lake |
Mount Rinjani or Gunung Rinjani is an active volcano in
Indonesia on the island of Lombok. Administratively the mountain is in the
Regency of North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (Indonesian: Nusa Tenggara Barat,
NTB). It rises to 3,726 metres (12,224 ft), making it the second highest
volcano in Indonesia.
On the top of the volcano is a 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) by 8.5
kilometres (5.3 mi) caldera, which is filled partially by the crater lake known
as Segara Anak (Child of the Sea). This lake is approximately 2,000 metres
(6,600 ft) above sea level and estimated to be about 200 metres (660 ft)
deep the caldera also contains hot springs.
A massive eruption of Rinjani in 1258 CE may have triggered
the Little Ice Age
Lombok is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a small
archipelago which, from west to east, consists of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,
Flores,Sumba and the Timor islands; all are located at the edge of the
Australian continental shelf. Volcanoes in the area are formed due to the
action of oceanic crusts and the movement of the shelf itself. Rinjani is one
of at least 129 active volcanoes in Indonesia, four of which belong to the
volcanoes of the Sunda Arc trench system forming part of the Pacific Ring of
Fire – a section of fault lines stretching from Western Hemisphere through
Japan and South East Asia. The islands of Lombok and Sumbawa lie in the central
portion of the Sunda Arc. The Sunda Arc is home to some of the world's most
dangerous and explosive volcanoes. The eruption of nearby Mount Tambora on
Sumbawa is known for the most violent eruption in recorded history on 15 April
1815, with a scale 7 on the VEI.
The highlands are forest clad and mostly undeveloped. The
lowlands are highly cultivated. Rice, soybeans, coffee, tobacco, cotton,
cinnamon,cacao, cloves, cassava, corn, coconuts, copra, bananas and vanilla are
the major crops grown in the fertile soils of the island. The slopes are
populated by the indigenous Sasak population. There are also some basic tourist
related activities established on Rinjani primarily in or about the village of
Senaru.
Rinjani volcano on the island of Lombok rises to 3,726
metres (12,224 ft), second in height among Indonesian volcanoes only to
Sumatra'sKerinci volcano. Rinjani has a steep-sided conical profile when viewed
from the east, but the western side of the compound volcano is truncated by the
6 x 8.5 km, oval-shaped Segara Anak caldera. The western half of the caldera
contains a 230 metre-deep lake whose crescentic form results from growth of the
post-caldera cone Barujari at the eastern end of the caldera.
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